What is a potential consequence of over-irrigation?

Over-irrigation can lead to waterlogging, a condition where excess water saturates the soil, impairing its ability to hold air. This lack of oxygen in the root zone can severely impact plant health, as roots need oxygen to function effectively. Additionally, waterlogged conditions promote the development of root diseases caused by pathogens that thrive in saturated soils, such as various fungi and bacteria. These diseases can lead to root rot, stunted growth, and ultimately plant death, which drastically undermines crop yields and overall plant health.

The other options present scenarios that do not align with the consequences of over-irrigation. Improved plant health, increased crop yields, and enhanced nutrient absorption are typically associated with proper irrigation practices that deliver the right amount of water. Over-irrigation disrupts these beneficial outcomes by creating an unhealthy environment for the plants.