What is meant by 'drainage design' in irrigation?

Drainage design in irrigation refers to the strategic planning necessary for the removal of excess water from the soil profile. This process is crucial for maintaining optimal soil moisture levels, ensuring that crops receive the right amount of water without being saturated, which can lead to waterlogging and root diseases. Effective drainage prevents water accumulation that could suffocate roots and impede plant growth. By designing systems that facilitate the timely removal of excess water, farmers can create conditions conducive to healthy crop development and maximize agricultural productivity.

Options that suggest planning for water accumulation, designing irrigation systems for yield without addressing drainage, or modifying soil structure to retain water do not align with the core principle of drainage design, which focuses solely on the effective management of excess water.