What is the term for the movement of water into soil?

The movement of water into soil is referred to as infiltration. This process occurs when water, from precipitation or irrigation, moves through the soil surface and fills the voids in the soil profile. Infiltration is crucial for replenishing groundwater supplies and providing moisture for plant roots.

Factors influencing infiltration rates include soil texture, structure, and moisture content, as well as land cover and vegetation. Understanding infiltration is essential for effective irrigation management, as it affects how much water is available to plants and can help prevent issues such as runoff and erosion.

The other terms listed do not relate to the movement of water into soil. Evaporation describes the transformation of water from liquid to vapor. Transpiration involves water movement through plants and its evaporation from aerial parts, particularly leaves. Condensation refers to the process where water vapor cools and changes back into liquid water. Knowing these distinctions helps in grasping the broader concepts of the water cycle, which is vital for effective irrigation practices.