What type of irrigation system introduces water directly to the root zone of the plant?

Drip irrigation is designed to deliver water directly to the root zone of plants, making it one of the most efficient irrigation methods available. This system utilizes a network of tubing or piping with small emitters placed strategically near the plant roots. By applying water directly where it's needed, it minimizes water loss due to evaporation or runoff, ensuring more efficient water use, particularly in arid regions or for crops that require precise moisture levels.

In contrast, surface irrigation methods distribute water over the soil surface, which may not efficiently target the root zones, leading to potential losses and uneven moisture distribution. Sprinkler irrigation disperses water like rainfall, which can lead to evaporation before it reaches the ground. Similarly, flood irrigation saturates the entire field, which is highly inefficient for many applications as it can result in excess water not reaching the root zones directly. Hence, drip irrigation is favored for its precision and conservation of water resources.