What type of surface irrigation system allows for no runoff and is more efficient than other types?

Basin irrigation is a surface irrigation technique characterized by the formation of level basins that are surrounded by small earthen dikes. This method is designed to retain water in a controlled manner, enabling it to infiltrate the soil effectively. Due to the leveled structure, basin irrigation minimizes the chances of runoff, allowing water to be absorbed where it is needed most—the root zone of the plants. This retention of water not only enhances the efficiency of irrigation but also reduces water waste.

The controlled flooding in basins ensures that water is applied slowly, facilitating maximum absorption and minimizing the potential for surface runoff. This method is particularly useful for crops that require a consistent water supply and is known for its ability to provide uniform moisture to the soil, which is essential for optimal crop growth. Such characteristics contribute to its overall efficiency compared to other surface irrigation methods.